Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria. It is typically transmitted through direct contact with water, soil, or food contaminated by the urine of infected animals, such as rats, dogs, cattle, and wildlife. Humans can become infected if the bacteria enter the body through broken skin, mucous membranes (eyes, nose, or mouth), or through ingestion.

Symptoms of leptospirosis can range from mild to severe and may include:

• High fever
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Skin rash

In severe cases, leptospirosis can cause liver damage, kidney failure, meningitis (inflammation of the brain's protective membranes), or even death.

The disease is more common in areas with poor sanitation or during flood events when exposure to contaminated water is more likely. Early treatment with antibiotics is essential for managing the infection and preventing complications.